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In music, timbre (ˈtæmbər,_ˈtæ̃-), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Timbre distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments. It also enables listeners to distinguish different instruments in the same category (e.g., an oboe and a clarinet, both woodwind instruments). In simple terms, timbre is what makes a particular musical instrument or human voice have a different sound from another, even when they play or sing the same note. For instance, it is the difference in sound between a guitar and a piano playing the same note at the same volume. Both instruments can sound equally tuned in relation to each other as they play the same note, and while playing at the same amplitude level each instrument will still sound distinctively with its own unique tone color. Experienced musicians are able to distinguish between different instruments of the same type based on their varied timbres, even if those instruments are playing notes at the same fundamental pitch and loudness. The physical characteristics of sound that determine the perception of timbre include frequency spectrum and envelope. Singers and instrumental musicians can change the timbre of the music they are singing/playing by using different singing or playing techniques. For example, a violinist can use different bowing styles or play on different parts of the string to obtain different timbres (e.g., playing sul tasto produces a light, airy timbre, whereas playing sul ponticello produces a harsh, even and aggressive tone). On electric guitar and electric piano, performers can change the timbre using effects units and graphic equalizers. Tone quality and tone color are synonyms for timbre, as well as the "texture attributed to a single instrument". However, the word texture can also refer to the type of music, such as multiple, interweaving melody lines versus a singable melody accompanied by subordinate chords.
[2]Paolo Prandoni, [3]LCAV, EPFL
In this notebook we will investigate the effect of phase on the
perceptual quality of a sound. It is often said that the human ear is
commercial-grade audio equipment takes place in the magnitude domain
only.
In [1]:
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import IPython
from scipy.io import wavfile
In [2]:
plt.rcParams["figure.fig "I defy anybody to find a record... unless it is some old blues
record from 1922... that uses feedback that way. So I claim it for
the Beatles. Before H
[2]Paolo Prandoni, [3]LCAV, EPFL
The Karplus-Strong algorithm is a simple method to generate synthetic
sounds with arbitrary pitch. In this notebook we will explore a few
variations of the method to illustrate some basic notions of
discrete-time signal processing.
In [1]:
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import IPython
In [2]:
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] [2]Paolo Prandoni, [3]LCAV, EPFL
In this notebook we will explore various ways to implement a system
that changes the voice of a speaker. Typical applications for these
techniques, strictly sorted by plausibility, include international spy
missions and prank telephone calls, and devices such as the one
displayed here can be easily bought on the web... or in a novelty shop.
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