Concept

Bifluoride

The bifluoride ion is an inorganic anion with the chemical formula . The anion is colorless. Salts of bifluoride are commonly encountered in the reactions of fluoride salts with hydrofluoric acid. The commercial production of fluorine involves electrolysis of bifluoride salts. The bifluoride ion has a linear, centrosymmetric structure (D∞h symmetry), with an F−H bond length of 114 pm. The bond strength is estimated to be greater than 155 kJ/mol. In molecular orbital theory, the atoms are modeled to be held together by a 3-center 4-electron bond (symmetrical hydrogen bond). Salts, such as potassium bifluoride and ammonium bifluoride are produced by treating fluoride salts with hydrofluoric acid: where = or Potassium bifluoride binds a second equivalent of HF: Heating these salts releases anhydrous HF.

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifluoride

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Negative triangularity plasma configurations have been extensively studied in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV), and have displayed enhanced heat confinement for thermal electrons and ions. Herein, the question of fast-ion confinement is addressed. Limited negative (NT) and positive triangularity (PT) plasmas are compared. The plasma volume and position are kept the same between the discharges to match the neutral beam heating (NBI) deposition, isolating the effect of triangularity. These plasmas w

IOP Publishing Ltd2026

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Related concepts (3)

Fluorine

Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at standard conditions as a highly toxic, pale yellow diatomic gas. As the most electronegative reactive element, it is extremely reactive, as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases. Among the elements, fluorine ranks 24th in universal abundance and 13th in terrestrial abundance.

Ion

An ion (ˈaɪ.ɒn,_-ən) is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons.

Hydrogen fluoride

Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield an aqueous solution termed hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). HF is also widely used in the petrochemical industry as a component of superacids.

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