Concept

Chlorine-releasing compounds

Related publications (26)

Influence of Amino Acid Substitutions in Capsid Proteins of Coxsackievirus B5 on Free Chlorine and Thermal Inactivation

Tamar Kohn, Shotaro Torii, Aleksandar Antanasijevic

The sensitivity of enteroviruses to disinfectants varies among genetically similar variants and coincides with amino acid changes in capsid proteins, although the effect of individual substitutions remains unknown. Here, we employed reverse genetics to inv ...

2024

Inactivation of coxsackievirus B5 by free chlorine under conditions relevant to drinking water treatment

Shotaro Torii

Chlorine disinfection is commonly applied to inactivate pathogenic viruses in drinking water treatment plants. However, the role of water quality in chlorine disinfection of viruses has not been investigated thoughtfully. In this study, we investigated the ...

IWA PUBLISHING2023

Widespread detection of chlorine oxyacids in the Arctic atmosphere

Julia Schmale, Ivo Fabio Beck, Hélène Paule Angot

Observations are reported of HClO3 and HClO4 in the atmosphere and their widespread occurrence over the pan-Arctic during spring, providing further insights into atmospheric chlorine cycling in the polar environment. ...

Nature Portfolio2023

Critical Review on Bromate Formation during Ozonation and Control Options for Its Minimization

Urs von Gunten

Ozone is a commonly applied disinfectant and oxidantin drinkingwater and has more recently been implemented for enhanced municipalwastewater treatment for potable reuse and ecosystem protection. Onedrawback is the potential formation of bromate, a possible ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2023

Oxidative Water Treatment: The Track Ahead

Urs von Gunten

Chemical oxidation has been applied in municipal water treatment for more than a century, initially for disinfection. In the early decades, chlorine disinfection was adopted in the fight against waterborne disease. However, the oxidative properties of chlo ...

2023

Observed Kinetics of Enterovirus Inactivation by Free Chlorine Are Host Cell-Dependent

Tamar Kohn, Shannon Christa David, Shotaro Torii, Odile Marie Clotilde Hervás de Nalda-Larivé, Federica Cariti

Virucidal efficacies of disinfectants are typically assessed by infectivity assay utilizing a single type of host cell. Enteroviruses infect multiple host cells via various entry routes, and each entry route may be impaired differently by a given disinfect ...

2023

Mechanistic insights on interactions of dissolved organic matter with chemical oxidants: quantification of reactive sites and identification of oxidation byproducts

Joanna Maria Houska

Chemical oxidants including ozone (O3), chlorine (HOCl/OCl-) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) are applied for disinfection of drinking water. To cope with water scarcity and the increased risks associated with the presence of micropollutants, water treatment sy ...

EPFL2023

Kinetic and mechanistic understanding of chlorite oxidation during chlorination: Optimization of ClO2 pre-oxidation for disinfection byproduct control

Urs von Gunten

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) applications to drinking water are limited by the formation of chlorite (ClO2-) which is regulated in many countries. However, when ClO2 is used as a pre-oxidant, ClO2- can be oxidized by chlorine during subsequent disinfection. In ...

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2022

Design guidelines for next-generation sodium-nickel-chloride batteries

Daniel Alexander Landmann

Sodium-nickel-chloride batteries have a proven track record for backup power applications, but also show great potential for large-scale stationary electricity storage currently dominated by lithium-ion batteries. While lithium-ion cells rely on critical c ...

EPFL2022

Iodide sources in the aquatic environment and its fate during oxidative water treatment - A critical review

Urs von Gunten

Iodine is a naturally-occurring halogen in natural waters generally present in concentrations between 0.5 and 100 mu g L-1. During oxidative drinking water treatment, iodine-containing disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) can be formed. The formation of I-DBP ...

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2022

Reactions of alpha,beta-Unsaturated Carbonyls with Free Chlorine, Free Bromine, and Combined Chlorine

Urs von Gunten

Chemical disinfectants employed in water and wastewater treatment can produce a variety of transformation products, including carbonyl compounds (e.g., saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and ketones). Experiments conducted under conditions relevant to chl ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2021

Adaptation of Human Enterovirus to Warm Environments Leads to Resistance against Chlorine Disinfection

Tamar Kohn, Timothy R. Julian, Anna Carratala Ripolles, Virginie Bachmann

Sunlight, temperature, and microbial grazing are among the environmental factors promoting the inactivation of viral pathogens in surface waters. Globally, these factors vary across time and space. The persistence of viral pathogens, and ultimately their e ...

2020

Chlorination of Phenols Revisited: Unexpected Formation of α,β-Unsaturated C4-Dicarbonyl Ring Cleavage Products

Urs von Gunten

Despite decades of research on the fate of phenolic compounds when water is disinfected with hypochlorous acid (HOCl), there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the formation mechanisms and identity of ring cleavage products, especially at higher c ...

2020

Comparison of the impact of ozone, chlorine dioxide, ferrate and permanganate pre-oxidation on organic disinfection byproduct formation during post-chlorination

Urs von Gunten

Pre-oxidation is commonly used to mitigate the formation of byproducts during post-disinfection. A comparative study of the impact of four pre-oxidants, ozone (O-3), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), permanganate (Mn(vii)) and ferrate (Fe(vi)), on the formation of ...

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY2020

Efficiency of pre-oxidation of natural organic matter for the mitigation of disinfection byproducts: Electron donating capacity and UV absorbance as surrogate parameters

Urs von Gunten

Pre-oxidation is often used before disinfection with chlorine to decrease the reactivity of the water matrix and mitigate the formation of regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This study provides insights on the impact of oxidative pre-treatment with ...

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2020

Susceptibility of Enterovirus B strains to disinfectants and heat

Simon Meister

The susceptibility of waterborne viruses to different inactivating treatments is acknowledged to vary between viruses and even between closely related strains, yet the extent of this variation, or the underlying mechanisms, are not known. Here, different e ...

EPFL2019

Comparing the anti-bacterial performance of chlorination and electrolysis post-treatments in a hand washing water recycling system

Odile Marie Clotilde Hervás de Nalda-Larivé

Innovative solutions are necessary to enable the decentralized recycling of greywater for applications requiring high-quality water, such as hand washing. While physical barriers such as ultrafiltration membranes effectively prevent the passage of bacteria ...

2019

In Situ Formation of Free Chlorine During ClO2 Treatment: Implications on the Formation of Disinfection Byproducts

Urs von Gunten

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is commonly used as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine in drinking water treatment because it produces limited concentrations of halogenated organic disinfection byproducts. During drinking water treatment, the primary ClO2 byp ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2018

Ozone and chlorine reactions with dissolved organic matter - Assessment of oxidant-reactive moieties by optical measurements and the electron donating capacities

Urs von Gunten

Oxidation processes are impacted by the type, concentration and reactivity of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, the reactions between various types of DOM (Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), Nordic Reservoir NOM (NNOM) and Pony Lake fulvic ...

2018

Variability in Disinfection Resistance between Currently Circulating Enterovirus B Serotypes and Strains

Tamar Kohn, Simon Meister, Matthew Eric Verbyla

The susceptibility of waterborne viruses to disinfection is known to vary between viruses and even between closely related strains, yet the extent of this variation is not known. Here, different enteroviruses (six strains of coxsackievirus B5, two strains ...

2018