Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of paralysis with currently no effective treatment.
Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the lumbar spinal cord has been shown to restore locomotion in animal models of SCI, but has not yet reached the same lev ...
The spatial dependence of located health and/or genetic data can be used to detect clusters likely to reveal disease prevalence or signatures of adaptation associated with characteristics of the local environment (high temperatures, air or water pollution) ...
Understanding the extent to which humans perceive the emotional state of animals has both theoretical and practical implications. While recent studies indicate that natural selection has led to some convergence of emotion coding among vertebrate species (i ...
Recent 'turns' in social sciences, namely the visual, qualitative, actorial or spatial turns, all indicate a rising interest in individuals. Since the aesthetic dimension always nourishes and informs individualsâ spatialities and their decision-making pr ...
Most organisms, including humans, have developed an intrinsic system of circadian oscillators, allowing the anticipation of events related to the rotation of Earth around its own axis. The mammalian circadian timing system orchestrates nearly all aspects o ...
KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) are early embryonic controllers of transposable elements (TEs), which they repress with their cofactor KAP1 through histone and DNA methylation, a process thought to result in irreversible silencing. Using a ...
Leprosy, caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae or the recently discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis, was once endemic in humans in the British Isles. Red squirrels in Great Britain (Sciurus vulgaris) have increasingly been observed with leprosy-li ...
American Association for the Advancement of Science2016
Reinforcement learning is a type of supervised learning, where reward is sparse and delayed. For example in chess, a series of moves is made until a sparse reward (win, loss) is issued, which makes it impossible to evaluate the value of a single move. Stil ...
