Publications related to Double-spending

Breaking Blockchain Rationality with Out-of-Band Collusion

Bryan Alexander Ford, Verónica del Carmen Estrada Galiñanes, Louis-Henri Manuel Jakob Merino, Haoqian Zhang

Blockchain systems often rely on rationality assumptions for their security, expecting that nodes are motivated to maximize their profits. These systems thus design their protocols to incentivize nodes to execute the honest protocol but fail to consider ou ...

Springer International Publishing Ag2024

Online Payments by Merely Broadcasting Messages

Rachid Guerraoui, Jovan Komatovic, Daniel Patrick Collins, Matej Pavlovic, Dragos-Adrian Seredinschi, Matteo Monti, Athanasios Xygkis

We address the problem of online payments, where users can transfer funds among themselves. We introduce Astro, a system solving this problem efficiently in a decentralized, deterministic, and completely asynchronous manner. Astro builds on the insight tha ...

IEEE2020

Mneme: A Mobile Distributed Ledger

Boi Faltings, Sujit Prakash Gujar

Advances in mobile computing have paved the way for new types of distributed applications that can be executed solely by mobile devices on device-to-device (D2D) ecosystems (e.g., crowdsensing). More sophisticated applications, like cryptocurrencies, need ...

IEEE2020

The Consensus Number of a Cryptocurrency

Rachid Guerraoui, Matej Pavlovic, Dragos-Adrian Seredinschi, Matteo Monti

Many blockchain-based algorithms, such as Bitcoin, implement a decentralized asset transfer system, often referred to as a cryptocurrency. As stated in the original paper by Nakamoto, at the heart of these systems lies the problem of preventing double-spen ...

ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY2019

A Scale-out Blockchain for Value Transfer with Spontaneous Sharding

Kelong Cong

Bitcoin, as well as many of its successors, require the whole transaction record to be reliably acquired by all nodes to prevent double-spending. Recently, many blockchains have been proposed to achieve scale-out throughput by letting nodes only acquire a ...

IEEE2018

OmniLedger: A Secure, Scale-Out, Decentralized Ledger via Sharding

Bryan Alexander Ford, Philipp Svetolik Jovanovic, Linus Gasser, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Nicolas Gailly

Designing a secure permissionless distributed ledger (blockchain) that performs on par with centralized payment processors, such as Visa, is a challenging task. Most existing distributed ledgers are unable to scale-out, i.e., to grow their total processing ...

IEEE2018

Proof-of-Personhood: Redemocratizing Permissionless Cryptocurrencies

Bryan Alexander Ford, Philipp Svetolik Jovanovic, Linus Gasser, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Nicolas Gailly, Maria Fernanda Borge Chavez

Permissionless blockchain-based cryptocurrencies commonly use proof-of-work (PoW) or proof-of-stake (PoS) to ensure their security, e.g. to prevent double spending attacks. However, both approaches have disadvantages: PoW leads to massive amounts of wasted ...

IEEE2017

Enhancing Bitcoin Security and Performance with Strong Consistency via Collective Signing

Bryan Alexander Ford, Linus Gasser, Philipp Svetolik Jovanovic, Nicolas Gailly, Ismail Khoffi

While showing great promise, Bitcoin requires users to wait tens of minutes for transactions to commit, and even then, offering only probabilistic guarantees. This paper introduces ByzCoin, a novel Byzantine consensus protocol that leverages scalable colle ...

USENIX Association2016