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Concept

Southern Ocean

Related publications (27)

Atmospheric isoprene measurements reveal larger-than-expected Southern Ocean emissions

Julia Schmale, Andrea Baccarini

Isoprene is a key trace component of the atmosphere emitted by vegetation and other organisms. It is highly reactive and can impact atmospheric composition and climate by affecting the greenhouse gases ozone and methane and secondary organic aerosol format ...

Nature Research2024

Characteristics and sources of fluorescent aerosols in the central Arctic Ocean

Julia Schmale, Ivo Fabio Beck, Hélène Paule Angot, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Benjamin Jérémy Laurent Heutte, Markus Frey, Oliver Müller, Nora Bergner, Alireza Moallemi, Margarida Teles Nogueira Rolo

The Arctic is sensitive to cloud radiative forcing. Due to the limited number of aerosols present throughout much of the year, cloud formation is susceptible to the presence of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles (INPs). Primary biologic ...

2024

Untangling the influence of Antarctic and Southern Ocean life on clouds

Julia Schmale, Hélène Paule Angot, Markus Frey

Polar environments are among the fastest changing regions on the planet. It is a crucial time to make significant improvements in our understanding of how ocean and ice biogeochemical processes are linked with the atmosphere. This is especially true over A ...

2023

Polar oceans and sea ice in a changing climate

Julia Schmale, Hélène Paule Angot

Polar oceans and sea ice cover 15% of the Earth’s ocean surface, and the environment is changing rapidly at both poles. Improving knowledge on the interactions between the atmospheric and oceanic realms in the polar regions, a Surface Ocean–Lower Atmospher ...

2023

Multi-campaign ship and aircraft observations of marine cloud condensation nuclei and droplet concentrations

Athanasios Nenes, Jian Wang

In-situ marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and CCN proxies, based on particle sizes and optical properties, are accumulated from seven field campaigns: ACTIVATE; NAAMES; CAMP(2)EX; ORACLES; SOCRATES; MARCUS ...

NATURE PORTFOLIO2023

A Case Study on Drivers of the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor at the Coast of East Antarctica

Michael Lehning, Armin Sigmund

Stable water isotopes (SWIs) contain valuable information on the past climate and phase changes in the hydrologic cycle. Recently, vapor measurements in the polar regions have provided new insights into the effects of snow-related and atmospheric processes ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2023

Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole

Julia Schmale

The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) is needed. Generally, the concentrations of INPs are fo ...

2022

Arctic atmospheric mercury: Sources and changes

Hélène Paule Angot

Global anthropogenic and legacy mercury (Hg) emissions are the main sources of Arctic Hg contamination, primarily transported there via the atmosphere. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of the global anthropogenic sources of Hg emissions, and e ...

2022

Key challenges for tropospheric chemistry in the Southern Hemisphere

Julia Schmale

This commentary paper from the recently formed International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Southern Hemisphere Working Group outlines key issues in atmospheric composition research that particularly impact the Southern Hemisphere. In this article, we ...

2022

Aerobiology over the Southern Ocean – implications for bacterial colonization of Antarctica

Julia Schmale

Parts of the Antarctic are experiencing dramatic ecosystem change due to rapid and record warming, which may weaken biogeographic boundaries and dispersal barriers, increasing the risks of biological invasions. In this study, we collected air samples from ...

2022

What are the likely changes in mercury concentration in the Arctic atmosphere and ocean under future emissions scenarios?

Hélène Paule Angot

Arctic mercury (Hg) concentrations respond to changes in anthropogenic Hg emissions and environmental change. This manuscript, prepared for the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Mercury Assessment, explores the response of Arctic Ocean Hg con ...

2022

Arctic mercury cycling

Hélène Paule Angot

Anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions have driven marked increases in Arctic Hg levels, which are now being impacted by regional warming, with uncertain ecological consequences. This Review presents a comprehensive assessment of the present-day total Hg mas ...

2022

Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

Julia Schmale, Katherine Colby Leonard, Andrea Baccarini, Robin Lewis Modini, Sebastian Johannes Heinz-Josef Landwehr, Alireza Moallemi, Fernando Perez Cruz, Christel Sybille Hassler

The Southern Ocean is a critical component of Earth's climate system, but its remoteness makes it challenging to develop a holistic understanding of its processes from the small scale to the large scale. As a result, our knowledge of this vast region remai ...

2021

Sources, Occurrence and Characteristics of Fluorescent Biological Aerosol Particles Measured over the Pristine Southern Ocean

Julia Schmale, Andrea Baccarini, Robin Lewis Modini, Sebastian Johannes Heinz-Josef Landwehr, Alireza Moallemi

In this study we investigate the occurrence of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) over all sectors of the Southern Ocean (SO) based on a 90-day dataset collected during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) in austral summer 2016-2017. S ...

2021

The role of air-sea fluxes for the water vapour isotope signals in the cold and warm sectors of extratropical cyclones over the Southern Ocean

Josué Etienne Gehring

Meridional atmospheric transport is an important process in the climate system and has implications for the availability of heat and moisture at high latitudes. Near-surface cold and warm temperature advection over the ocean in the context of extratropical ...

Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh2021

Mixed-Phase Clouds and Precipitation in Southern Ocean Cyclones and Cloud Systems Observed Poleward of 64 degrees S by Ship-Based Cloud Radar and Lidar

Etienne Gabriel Henri Vignon

Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), composed of both liquid and ice, are prevalent in Southern Ocean cyclones. A characterization of these clouds on fine vertical scales is required in order to understand the microphysical processes within these clouds, and for mod ...

2021

Moored observations of turbulent mixing events in deep Lake Garda, Italy

Sebastiano Piccolroaz

Deep water circulation and mixing processes are responsible for the transport of matter, nutrients and pollutants in deep lakes. Nevertheless, detailed continuous observations are rarely available. To overcome some of these deficiencies and with the aim of ...

2021

Low‐Volatility Vapors and New Particle Formation Over the Southern Ocean During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

Julia Schmale, Andrea Baccarini, Robin Lewis Modini

During summer, the Southern Ocean is largely unaffected by anthropogenic emissions, which makes this region an ideal place to investigate marine natural aerosol sources and processes. A better understanding of natural aerosol is key to constrain the preind ...

2021

Cycling of zinc and its isotopes across multiple zones of the Southern Ocean: Insights from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

Christel Sybille Hassler

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient, playing an important role in several key processes in marine phytoplankton. Here, we present the first high-resolution depth profiles for dissolved Zn and delta Zn-66 from all major zones of the Southern Ocean, coll ...

2020

Ship-based measurements of ice nuclei concentrations over the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans

Julia Schmale

Ambient concentrations of ice-forming particles measured during ship expeditions are collected and summarised with the aim of determining the spatial distribution and variability in ice nuclei in oceanic regions. The presented data from literature and prev ...

Copernicus Publications2020