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Concept

Earth's mantle

Related publications (28)

New tools for phase segmentation and denoising of analytical STEM data for enhanced chemical sensitivity, applied to Earth mantle research

Hui Chen, Hui Chen

This thesis is dedicated to developing innovative methodologies that improve elemental quantification in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The primary motivation stems from a geochemistry pr ...

EPFL2023

First-Principles Thermodynamics of CsSnI3

Nicola Marzari, Lorenzo Monacelli

CsSnI3 is a promising ecofriendly solution for energy harvesting technologies. It exists at room temperature in either a black perovskite polymorph or a yellow 1D double-chain, which irreversibly deteriorates in the air. In this work, we unveil the relativ ...

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2023

A Depth-Averaged Material Point Method for Shallow Landslides: Applications to Snow Slab Avalanche Release

Johan Alexandre Philippe Gaume, Lars Kristoffer Uhlen Blatny, Bertil Trottet

Shallow landslides pose a significant threat to people and infrastructure. Despite significant progress in the understanding of such phenomena, the evaluation of the size of the landslide release zone, a crucial input for risk assessment, still remains a c ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2023

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Spacer Cations for the Incorporation in Layered Perovskites

Simon Nussbaum

Layered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (LHOIP) materials are an emerging class of semiconductors endorsed as a more stable alternative compared to the more widely investigated 3D hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites (HOIP). Consisting of altern ...

EPFL2023

Materials engineering for improved stability of perovskite solar cells

Yeonju Kim

Halide perovskites have gained tremendous attention over the past decade, but the poor stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under operating conditions hampers their practical application. This thesis investigates materials that can be used to enhance ...

EPFL2023

Tuning Napththalenediimide Cations for Incorporation into Ruddlesden–Popper-Type Hybrid Perovskites

Jacques-Edouard Moser, Kevin Sivula, Jun Ho Yum, Liang Yao, Etienne Christophe Socie, Simon Nussbaum

Layered hybrid organic−inorganic perovskite (LHOIP) materials constructed with low-band-gap chromophore-based organic spacer cations are anemerging class of materials that promise unique tunability of their optoelectronic properties. However, the large siz ...

2022

Composition and Pressure Effects on Partitioning of Ferrous Iron in Iron-Rich Lower Mantle Heterogeneities

Marco Cantoni, Philippe Gillet, James Badro, Farhang Nabiei, Susannah McGregor Dorfman, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

Both seismic observations of dense low shear velocity regions and models of magma ocean crystallization and mantle dynamics support enrichment of iron in Earth’s lowermost mantle. Physical properties of iron-rich lower mantle heterogeneities in the modern ...

2021

Investigating Magma Ocean Solidification on Earth Through Laser‐Heated Diamond Anvil Cell Experiments

Cécile Hébert, Marco Cantoni, Philippe Gillet, James Badro, Farhang Nabiei, Charles-Edouard Boukaré

We carried out a series of silicate fractional crystallization experiments at lower mantle pressures using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Phase relations and the compositional evolution of the cotectic melt and equilibrium solids along the liquid lin ...

2021

The Effects of Planetary and Stellar Parameters on Brittle Lithospheric Thickness

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, Michael Heap

The thicknesss of the brittle lithosphere—the outer portion of a planetary body that fails via fracturing— plays a key role in the geological processes of that body. The properties of both a planet and its host star can influence that thickness, and the po ...

2021

Origin of the Co‐Seismic Variations of Elastic Properties in the Crust: Insight From the Laboratory

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, François Xavier Thibault Passelègue, Mateo Alejandro Acosta, Federica Paglialunga

Seismological observations highlighted that earthquakes are often followed by changes in elastic properties around the fault zone. Here, we studied the origin of these variations using stick-slip experiments on saw-cut granite samples presenting different ...

2021

Experimental plastic reactivation of pseudotachylyte‐filled shear zones

Marie Estelle Solange Violay, François Xavier Thibault Passelègue

Pseudotachylytes are fine‐grained fault rocks that solidify from melt that is produced in fault zones during earthquakes. Exposed sections of natural fault zones reveal evidence of post‐seismic plastic deformation (i.e. reactivation) of pseudotachylyte, wh ...

2021

Blocked radiative heat transport in the hot pyrolitic lower mantle

James Badro, Farhang Nabiei, Hélène Marie Piet

The heat flux across the core-mantle boundary (Q(CMB)) is the key parameter to understand the Earth's thermal history and evolution. Mineralogical constraints of the Q(CMB) require deciphering contributions of the lattice and radiative components to the th ...

ELSEVIER2020

Effects of composition and pressure on electronic states of iron in bridgmanite

Philippe Gillet, Arnaud Magrez, Susannah McGregor Dorfman

Electronic states of iron in the lower mantle's dominant mineral, (Mg,Fe,Al)(Fe,Al,Si)O-3 bridgmanite, control physical properties of the mantle including density, elasticity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the determination of electroni ...

MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER2020

PyFrac: A planar 3D hydraulic fracture simulator

Brice Tanguy Alphonse Lecampion, Haseeb Zia

Fluid driven fractures propagate in the upper earth crust either naturally or in response to engineeredfluid injections. The quantitative prediction of their evolution is critical in order to better understandtheir dynamics as well as to optimize their cre ...

2020

The Role of Goldschmidt's Tolerance Factor in the Formation of A(2)BX(6) Double Halide Perovskites and its Optimal Range

Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Tom Theodorus Antonius Lummen, Nikita Drigo, Alexander Fedorovskiy

Vacancy-ordered double perovskites is a new branch of lead-free halide perovskites with properties promising for photovoltaic application. In this study, data about the crystal structure of 170 known A(2)BX(6) (X = I, Br, Cl, F) are collected and analyzed ...

2020

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Molten Fe-Si-O in Earth's Core

James Badro

Silicon and oxygen are potential light elements in Earth's core because their stronger affinity to metal observed with increasing temperature posits that significant amounts of both can be incorporated into the core. It was proposed that an Fe-Si-O liquid ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2019

Origin of High-Frequency Radiation During Laboratory Earthquakes

François Xavier Thibault Passelègue

We monitor dynamic rupture propagation during laboratory stick-slip experiments performed on saw-cut Westerly granite under upper crustal conditions (10-90 MPa). Spectral analysis of high-frequency acoustic waveforms provided evidence that energy radiation ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2019

Investigating Earth's Formation History Through Copper and Sulfur Metal-Silicate Partitioning During Core-Mantle Differentiation

James Badro

Identifying extant materials that act as compositional proxies for Earth is key to understanding its accretion. Copper and sulfur are both moderately volatile elements; however, they display different geochemical behavior (e.g., phase affinities). Thus, in ...

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION2018

Fatigue Strength Upgrading of Cover Plate Ends by Welded Extensions in Existing Steel Bridge Girders

Alain Nussbaumer, Dimitrios Lignos, Vasileios Grigoriou

This paper investigates the fatigue upgrading of typical cover plate joint connections in existing steel bridge girders through cover plate extension. The upgraded detail is created by removing the existing transverse end weld, then welding the extension t ...

2018

Solvent-induced surface hydroxylation of a layered perovskite Sr3FeCoO7−δ for enhanced oxygen evolution catalysis

Xile Hu, Fang Song, Jun Gu

Efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts made of earth abundant elements are essential for the cost-effective generation of solar fuels. Surface modification is a novel strategy to enhance the activity of OER catalysts, however, it is commonly d ...

Royal Society of Chemistry2018