Solar zenith angle

Worldwide performance evaluation of ground surface reflectance models

Christophe Ballif, Arttu Matias Tuomiranta

To improve the accuracy of bifacial gain estimation, recent radiative models of solar energy systems have abandoned the traditional assumption of isotropic ground-reflected radiance. However, surface reflectance itself is still commonly considered as a con ...

2021

Daylight regulated by automated external Venetian blinds based on HDR sky luminance mapping in winter

Jean-Louis Scartezzini, Jérôme Henri Kämpf, Yujie Wu

Automated shading systems have the potential to exploit daylight in buildings to save energy of artificial lighting and cooling loads and improve occupants'f visual comfort. This paper investigates the daylighting performance of automated Venetian blinds b ...

2019

Device for Determining a Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function of a Subject

Martin Vetterli, Loïc Arnaud Baboulaz

The present invention relates to a device (10) for determining a bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a subject (S) comprising: a light source (LS) for producing an incident light (li) and directing said incident light (li) onto a subject (S) ...

2016

Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells

Michael Graetzel, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Robin Humphry-Baker, Peng Gao, Peng Gao, Soo-Jin Moon, Norman Pellet, Julian Burschka

Following pioneering work(1), solution-processable organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites-such as CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I)-have attracted attention as light-harvesting materials for mesoscopic solar cells(2-15). So far, the perovskite pigment has been depo ...

Nature Publishing Group2013

Large micromirror array for generating programmable slit masks for Multi-Object Spectroscopy

Nico de Rooij, Wilfried Noell, Michael David Canonica

Multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) is a powerful tool for space and ground-based telescopes for the study of the formation and evolution of galaxies. This technique requires a programmable slit mask for astronomical object selection. We are engaged in a Europ ...

Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering2012

Determination of the atmospheric neutrino flux and searches for new physics with AMANDA-II

Xiaoxia Bai, Mathieu Ribordy, Shirit Cohen, Levent Demirörs

The AMANDA-II detector, operating since 2000 in the deep ice at the geographic South Pole, has accumulated a large sample of atmospheric muon neutrinos in the 100 GeV to 10 TeV energy range. The zenith angle and energy distribution of these events can be u ...

American Physical Society2009