Fashion

Fashion is a term used interchangeably to describe the creation of clothing, footwear, accessories, cosmetics, and jewellery of different cultural aesthetics and their mix and match into outfits that depict distinctive ways of dressing (styles and trends) as signifiers of social status, self-expression, and group belonging. As a multifaceted term, fashion describes an industry, styles, aesthetics, and trends. The term 'fashion' originates from the Latin word 'Facere,' which means 'to make,' and describes the manufacturing, mixing, and wearing of outfits adorned with specific cultural aesthetics, patterns, motifs, shapes, and cuts, allowing people to showcase their group belonging, values, beliefs, and ways of life. Given the rise in mass production of commodities and clothing at lower prices and global reach, reducing fashion's environmental impact and improving sustainability has become an urgent issue among politicians, brands, and consumers. The French word mode, meaning "fashion", dates as far back as 1482, while the English word denoting something "in style" dates only to the 16th century. Other words exist related to concepts of style and appeal that precede mode. In the 12th and 13th century Old French the concept of elegance begins to appear in the context of aristocratic preferences to enhance beauty and display refinement, and cointerie, the idea of making oneself more attractive to others by style or artifice in grooming and dress, appears in a 13th-century poem by Guillaume de Lorris advising men that "handsome clothes and handsome accessories improve a man a great deal". Fashion scholar Susan B. Kaiser states that everyone is "forced to appear", unmediated before others. Everyone is evaluated by their attire, and evaluation includes the consideration of colors, materials, silhouette, and how garments appear on the body. Garments identical in style and material also appear different depending on the wearer's body shape, or whether the garment has been washed, folded, mended, or is new.

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Related exercises (32)

Current in coaxial cable

Consider a coxial cable of infinite length through which we put a continuous current I. The current propagates in a direction via the central conductor and comes back in the opposite direction via the external conductor. We will suppose that at each instant the currents are constant and uniform on the sections of the conductors and that χ_(m)u2004=u20040 everywhere. Calculate the magnetic field in each point of space and give in a graphical representation. By the cylindrical symmetry of the problem, the ma

Circuit in a magnetic field

In the plane xy the closed circuit of the figure is subject to a uniform magnetic field

{\bf B}=B\,{\bf \hat{y}}

. Determine the amplitude and the direction of the magnetic force acting on the straight and curved parts of the circuit. The forces acting on the two parts of the circuit are perpendicular to the plane of the sketch. Using the rule of the right hand, we see that the force on the straight part is parallel to the normal of the oriented loop

{\bf {\hat n}}={\bf \hat{z}}

, and that the force ${\b

Rectangular coil

A coil, made of N rectangular turns of length l and of width w, has a resistance R. The coil, which is moving with a constant velocity

{\bf u} = u\,{\bf \hat{x}}

, enters a region subject to a uniform magnetic field

{\bf B}=-B_0\,{\bf \hat{z}}

. We will neglect the self-inductance of the circuit. Calculate the amplitude and direction of the induced current when : the coil is partially inside the region subject to the field B; the coil is entirely in this region ; the coil starts to go out of the regi

Ferromagnetic cylinder

An infinite cylinder of ferromagnetic material carries a uniform magnetization

{\bf M}

. What is the current density linked to the surface of the cylinder? Determine the fields

{\bf B}

and

{\bf H}

inside and outside of the cylinder. At the surface of the magnetized cylinder a linked current whose density(current per unit length) is

{\bf K}_b=M\,{\bf \hat{\phi}}

is circulating. The surface of the cylinder is behaving like an infinite coil that carries the same current density. So

{\bf B}={\bf H}=0

Ampere and Biot-Savart laws

In the plane yz a infinite conducting plate carries a surface current density that is uniform

{\bf K}=K\,{\bf \hat{z}}

. Calculate the magnetic field produced by this current in a point P(x,0,0) of the x axis, by using : a) The Ampere law; b) the Biot-Savart law. a) By symmetry, we have:

{\bf B}(x,0,0)=B_{y}(x)\, {\bf \hat{y}}

. Indeed, the Biot-Savart law shows that

{\bf B}

is perpendicular to K. Moreover, B_(x)u2004=u20040, because the inversion of the current direction (or if we turned with 180 degr

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