Comparative politics

Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government (the comparative study of forms of government). Comparative politics is the systematic study and comparison of the diverse political systems in the world. It is comparative in searching to explain why different political systems have similarities or differences and how developmental changes came to be between them. It is systematic in that it looks for trends, patterns, and regularities among these political systems. The research field takes into account political systems throughout the globe, focusing on themes such as democratization, globalization, and integration. New theories and approaches have been used in political science in the last 40 years thanks to comparative politics. Some of these focus on political culture, dependency theory, developmentalism, corporatism, indigenous theories of change, comparative political economy, state-society relations, and new institutionalism. Some examples of comparative politics are studying the differences between presidential and parliamentary systems, democracies and dictatorships, parliamentary systems in different countries, multi-party systems such as Canada and two-party systems such as the United States. Comparative politics must be conducted at a specific point in time, usually the present. A researcher cannot compare systems from different periods of time; it must be static. While historically the discipline explored broad questions in political science through between-country comparisons, contemporary comparative political science primarily uses subnational comparisons.

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Related exercises (10)

Model of elastic collision

A chariot considered as a material point of mass m moves without friction on an horizontal plane; a spring of constant k is mounted at one end of the chariot. Through this spring, the chariot that has a speed v₀, collides with a fixed wall (considered as having an infinite mass); the spring first contracts, then expands, and the chariot moves in the opposite direction. We assume that the collision is perfectly elastic, i.e. the mechanical energy is conserved.

Determine the time interval Δt during which

Potential of a ring and of a disk

a) A thin circular ring of radius R has a uniformly distributed charge Q. Determine the electric potential at a point P on the axis of the ring a distance x from its center, Fig.xa0[fig:rings] (left) (take that potential at the infinity is 0: V(∞)u2004=u20040). b) A thin flat disk, of radius R₀, has a uniformly distributed charge Q, Fig.xa0[fig:rings] (right). Determine the potential at a point P on the axis of the disk, a distance x from its center (take that potential at the infinity is 0: V(∞)u2004=u200

Cavity in charged sphere

Consider a sphere of radius R₁ uniformly charged, of charge density ρ, having a spherical cavity of radius R₂. The center of the cavity is displaced with respect to the center of the sphere of a vector

\bf{r_0}

(see figure). Calculate the electric field in a given point inside the cavity. Suggestion: Express the field as function of the charge density ρ. In order to calculate the field inside the cavity, we use the principle of superposition. We can imagine the sphere with cavity as the superposition of

Fall with viscous friction

A body of mass m in a gravitation field g is initially at rest. It is subjected to a friction force F that is proportional to its velocity v, i.e. Fu2004=u2004−u2006bvu200au2001whereu200au2001bu2004>u20040xa0.

Determine the expression of the norm of the terminal speed v_(l) in terms of m, b and g.
Show that the speed v(t) is given by $v\left(t\right) = v_l\left(1-\exp\left(-\frac{t}{\tau}\right)\right)\ ,$ where τ is the relaxation time, and determine the expression of τ in terms

Point on a cylinder

A material point moves on an infinitely long cylinder of radius R. The material point is attracted to a point O on the cylinder’s axes by a force that’s proportional to the distance between the material point and O. There is neither gravity nor friction.

List the forces acting on the material point. Draw these forces on a diagram, as well as the frame of reference associated with the chosen coordinate system.
Write the equations of motion and project them on the frame of reference.

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